South Dakota's at-large congressional district

South Dakota's at-large congressional district
Representative	<div style="padding-left:0.5em; border-left:0.5em solid transparent; border-color:">Dusty Johnson R–Mitchell
Area	75,885 sq mi (196,540 km2)
Distribution	55.8% urban 44.2% rural
Population (2023)	919,318
Median household income	$71,810
Ethnicity	79.6% White 8.4% Native American 4.4% Hispanic 3.9% Two or more races 2.0% Black 1.5% Asian 0.3% other
Cook PVI	R+16

South Dakota's at-large congressional district is the sole congressional district for the state of South Dakota. Based on area, it is the fourth largest congressional district in the nation.

The district is currently represented by Dusty Johnson.

History

The district was created when South Dakota achieved statehood on November 2, 1889, electing two members. Following the 1910 United States census a third seat was gained, with the legislature drawing three separate districts. The third district was eliminated after the 1930 census. As a result of the redistricting cycle after the 1980 census, the second seat was eliminated, creating a single at-large district. Since 1983, South Dakota has retained a single congressional district.

Voter registration

Voter registration and party enrollment as of November 8, 2022
Party		Total voters	Percentage
	Democratic	151,415	25.34%
	Republican	296,463	49.65%
	Libertarian	2,801	0.01%
	IND/NPA	145,004	24.29%
Total		597,069	100%

Statewide election results

Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Bush 60% - Gore 38%
2004	President	Bush 60% - Kerry 38%
2008	President	McCain 53% - Obama 45%
2012	President	Romney 58% - Obama 40%
2016	President	Trump 62% - Clinton 32%
2020	President	Trump 62% - Biden 36%
2024	President	Trump 63% - Harris 34%

Election history

2004 special

Incumbent U.S. Representative Bill Janklow resigned the seat on January 20, 2004, after he was convicted of second-degree manslaughter, triggering a special election. Democrat Stephanie Herseth was selected as the Democratic nominee for this special election and she defeated Republican Larry Diedrich with 51 percent of the vote in a close-fought election on June 1, 2004. Herseth's victory briefly gave the state its first all-Democratic congressional delegation since 1937.

2004 general

In the November general election, Herseth was elected to a full term with 53.4 percent of the vote, an increase of a few percentage points compared with the even closer June special elections. Herseth's vote margin in June was about 3,000 votes, but by November it had grown to over 29,000.

Herseth thereby became the first woman in state history to win a full term in the U.S. Congress.

Both elections were hard-fought and close compared to many House races in the rest of the United States, and the special election was watched closely by a national audience. The general election was also viewed as one of the most competitive in the country, but was overshadowed in the state by the highly competitive U.S. Senate race between Democrat Tom Daschle and Republican John Thune, which Thune narrowly won.

2006

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2006

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Stephanie Herseth Sandlin (Incumbent)	230,468	69.09	+15.73
		Bruce Whalen	97,864	29.34	−16.57
	Libertarian	Larry Rudebusch	5,230	1.57	+0.85
	Democratic hold		Swing
Turnout			333,562

2008

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2008

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Stephanie Herseth Sandlin (Incumbent)	256,041	67.56	−1.53
		Chris Lien	122,966	32.44	+3.10
	Democratic hold		Swing
Turnout			379,007

2010

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2010

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
		Kristi Noem	153,703	48.12	+15.68
	Democratic	Stephanie Herseth Sandlin (Incumbent)	146,589	45.89	−21.67
	Independent	B. Thomas Marking	19,134	5.99	+5.99
	gain from Democratic		Swing
Turnout			319,426

2012

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2012

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
		Kristi Noem (Incumbent)	207,640	57.45	+9.33
	Democratic	Matt Varilek	153,789	42.55	−3.34
	hold		Swing
Turnout			361,429

2014

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2014

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
		Kristi Noem (Incumbent)	183,834	66.50	+9.05
	Democratic	Corinna Robinson	92,485	33.50	−9.05
	hold		Swing
Turnout			276,319

2016

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2016

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
		Kristi Noem (Incumbent)	237,163	64.10	−2.4
	Democratic	Paula Hawks	132,810	35.90	+2.4
	hold		Swing
Turnout			369,973

2018

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2018

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
		Dusty Johnson	202,446	60.30	−3.8
	Democratic	Tim Bjorkman	120,816	36.00	+0.1
	hold		Swing
Turnout			323,262

2020

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2020

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
		Dusty Johnson (incumbent)	321,984	80.96%	+20.61
	Libertarian	Randy Luallin	75,748	19.04%	+17.58
Total votes			397,732	100.0%
	hold

2022

South Dakota's at-large congressional district election, 2022

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
		Dusty Johnson (incumbent)	253,821	77.42%	–3.54
	Libertarian	Collin Duprel	74,020	22.58%	+3.54
Total votes			327,841	100.00%
	hold

List of members representing the district

1889–1913: two seats

Two seats were created in 1889.

Years	Cong ress		Seat A				Seat B
			Representative	Party	Electoral history		Representative	Party	Electoral history
November 2, 1889 – March 3, 1891	51st		John Pickler (Faulkton)	Republican	Elected in 1889. Re-elected in 1890. Re-elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Retired.		Oscar S. Gifford (Canton)	Republican	Elected in 1889. Lost renomination.
March 4, 1891 – August 14, 1891	52nd						John Rankin Gamble (Yankton)	Republican	Elected in 1890. Died.
August 14, 1891 – December 7, 1891							Vacant
December 7, 1891 – March 3, 1893							John L. Jolley (Vermillion)	Republican	Elected to finish Gamble's term. Retired.
March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895	53rd						William V. Lucas (Hot Springs)	Republican	Elected in 1892. Lost renomination.
March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897	54th						Robert J. Gamble (Yankton)	Republican	Elected in 1894. Lost re-election.
March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899	55th		John Edward Kelley (Flandreau)	Populist	Elected in 1896. Lost re-election.		Freeman Knowles (Deadwood)	Populist	Elected in 1896. Lost re-election.
March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901	56th		Charles H. Burke (Pierre)	Republican	Elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Lost renomination.		Robert J. Gamble (Yankton)	Republican	Elected in 1898. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1907	57th 58th 59th						Eben Martin (Deadwood)	Republican	Elected in 1900. Re-elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
March 4, 1907 – June 26, 1908	60th		Philo Hall (Brookings)	Republican	Elected in 1906. Lost renomination.		William H. Parker (Deadwood)	Republican	Elected in 1906. Died.
June 26, 1908 – November 3, 1908							Vacant
November 3, 1908 – March 3, 1909							Eben Martin (Deadwood)	Republican	Elected to finish Parker's term. Also elected to next full term. Re-elected in 1910. Redistricted to the 3rd district.
March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1913	61st 62nd		Charles H. Burke (Pierre)	Republican	Elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Redistricted to the 2nd district.

In 1913, the two at-large seats were replaced by three districts. There were no at-large seats, therefore, until 1983.

1983–present: one seat

By 1983, the remaining two district seats were reduced to one at-large seat.

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history
Tom Daschle (Aberdeen)	Democratic	January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1987	97th 98th 99th	Redistricted from the 1st district. and re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Tim Johnson (Vermillion)	Democratic	January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1997	100th 101st 102nd 103rd 104th	Elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
John Thune (Pierre)	Republican	January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2003	105th 106th 107th	Elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
Bill Janklow (Brandon)	Republican	January 3, 2003 – January 20, 2004	108th	Elected in 2002. Resigned when convicted of vehicular manslaughter.
Vacant		January 20, 2004 – June 3, 2004
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin (Brookings)	Democratic	June 3, 2004 – January 3, 2011	108th 109th 110th 111th	Elected to finish Janklow's term. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Lost re-election.
Kristi Noem (Castlewood)	Republican	January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019	112th 113th 114th 115th	Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Retired to run for Governor of South Dakota.
Dusty Johnson (Mitchell)	Republican	January 3, 2019 – present	116th 117th 118th	Elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022.

References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links

• 2004 campaign finance data