Spercheus
| Spercheus | |
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| Dorsal view of S. senegalensis | |
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| Profile view of S. senegalensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Infraorder: | Staphyliniformia |
| Superfamily: | Hydrophiloidea |
| Family: | Spercheidae Erichson, 1837 |
| Genus: | Spercheus Kugelann, 1798 |
Spercheus is a genus of aquatic beetles which are placed in a family of their own, Spercheidae within the Hydrophiloidea. About 20 species are known from around the world except the Nearctic[1] with the majority being from the Oriental and Afrotropical Realms.
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All life stages are found in shallow still water with rich vegetation, which in some species includes temporary saline pools.[2] Adults and larvae live attached to pieces of vegetation or debris, and also walk on the underside of the water surface. Air is held in a bubble on the underside of the body. The larvae feed on grazed detritus as well as drifting algae, dead organisms, and other organic refuse. The adults live as filter feeders on floating debris like decaying plant material and other decomposing organic remains.[1] The adult females build a silken-egg case which they attach to their mid-tibiae and held by the hind legs, carried below the abdomen.[3] These beetles were formerly placed in the family Hydrophilidae but are distinctive.[4]
The front of the head is notched and the 7–9 segmented antenna has the terminal 3–4 segments club like and an enlarged fourth segment. The elytra are very convex and one or two abdominal segments extend beyond the apex. They have 5 tarsal segments on all legs.[5][1]
Possible fossils of Spercheus have been described from the Eocene aged Bembridge Marls of the Isle of Wight, England.[1] The extinct genus Prospercheus from the Late Jurassic of Shar-Teg, Mongolia, has also been considered a close relative of Spercheus, and also placed in Spercheidae.[6][7]
Species
[edit]- Spercheus belli Champion, 1919
- Spercheus belli babylonicus Hebauer, 1997
- Spercheus burgeoni Orchymont, 1929
- Spercheus cerisyi Guérin Méneville, 1842
- Spercheus crenulatus Fairmaire, 1893
- Spercheus emarginatus (Schaller, 1783)
- Spercheus fimbriicollis Bruch, 1915
- Spercheus gerardi Orchymont, 1929
- Spercheus halophilus Archangelsky, 2001
- Spercheus hanseni Hebauer, 1990
- Spercheus hovanus Fairmaire, 1903
- Spercheus humeralis Régimbart, 1906
- Spercheus platycephalus MacLeay, 1825
- Spercheus platycephalus interruptus Fairmaire, 1892
- Spercheus senegalensis Castelnau, 1832
- Spercheus siamensis Hebauer, 1990
- Spercheus spangleri Hebauer, 1990
- Spercheus stangli Schwarz & Barber, 1918
- Spercheus stasimus Orchymont, 1937
- Spercheus wattsi Hebauer, 1999
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Slipinski, Adam; Lawrence, John, eds. (2019). "19. Spercheidae Erichson, 1837". Australian Beetles Volume 2: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part). CSIRO.
- ^ "12. Hydrophiloidea Latreille, 1802". Volume 1 Coleoptera, Beetles. Morphology and Systematics, edited by Rolf G. Beutel and Richard A.B. Leschen, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2016, pp. 231-272.
- ^ Archangelsky, Miguel (2001). "A new Neotropical species of Spercheus Kugelann, and its larval stages (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea: Spercheidae)". Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 36 (3): 199–204. doi:10.1076/snfe.36.3.199.2128. hdl:11336/97451. S2CID 84693791.
- ^ Archangelsky, Miguel (1998). "Phylogeny of Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia) using characters from adult and preimaginal stages". Systematic Entomology. 23: 9–24. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00039.x. S2CID 83521707.
- ^ Short, A. E. Z.; Fikáček (2013). "Molecular phylogeny, evolution and classification of the Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera)". Systematic Entomology. 38 (4): 723–752. doi:10.1111/syen.12024. S2CID 83050858.
- ^ Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A.; Seidel, Matthias; Arriaga-Varela, Emmanuel; Hájek, Jiří; Král, David; Sekerka, Lukaš; Short, Andrew E. Z.; Fikáček, Martin (January 2017). "The peril of dating beetles". Systematic Entomology. 42 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1111/syen.12198. ISSN 0307-6970.
- ^ Prokin, A. A. (October 2009). "New water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the mesozoic of Mongolia". Paleontological Journal. 43 (6): 660–663. doi:10.1134/S0031030109060094. ISSN 0031-0301. S2CID 129299140.